Ukusukela xa iibhayisekile zokuqala zaqala ukwenziwa kwaye zithengiswe kwisiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane ye-19 eFransi ngokukhawuleza zinxibelelana ngokusondeleyo nomdyarho.Kule minyaka yokuqala, imidyarho yayidla ngokuqhutywa kwimigama emifutshane ngenxa yokuba ukungakhathali kwabasebenzisi kunye nezinto zokwakha zazingavumeli abaqhubi ukuba baqhube ngokukhawuleza ixesha elide.Nangona kunjalo, ngoxinzelelo oluvela kubenzi beebhayisikile ezininzi ezaqala ukubonakala eParis, inkampani yoqobo eye yadala ibhayisekile yanamhlanje, iNkampani yeMichaux, yagqiba kwelokuba ikhuthaze umsitho omkhulu womdyarho owavusa umdla omkhulu kubantu baseParis.Olugqatso lwenzeke ngomhla wama-31 kuCanzibe ngo-1868 eParc de Saint-Cloud, nalapho owaphumelela iNgesi uJames Moore.Ngokukhawuleza emva koko, umdyarho weebhayisekile waba yinto eqhelekileyo eFransi nase-Italiya, kukho iziganeko eziya zisanda zizama ukutyhalela phambili imida yeebhayisekile ezenziwe ngomthi nezentsimbi ezazingekabinawo amavili erabha aphethwe ngumoya.Uninzi lwabavelisi beebhayisikile bawuxhasa ngokupheleleyo umdyarho weebhayisikile, beyila iimodeli ezingcono nezingcono ebezijongwe ukuba zisetyenziselwe kuphela umdyarho, kwaye abo bakhuphisana nabo baqalise ukufumana amabhaso ahlonipheke kakhulu kwimisitho enjalo.
Ngelixa imidlalo yeebhayisekile iye yaya ithandwa ngakumbi, ugqatso ngokwalo lwaqala ukubanjwa kungekuphela nje ezindleleni zikawonke-wonke kodwa nakwimizila yomdyarho esele yenziwe ngaphambili kunye neevelodromes.Ngeminyaka yee-1880 kunye nee-1890, umdyarho weebhayisikile wamkelwa ngokubanzi njengowona mdlalo ubalaseleyo omtsha.Abalandeli bobuchwephesha bokukhwela ibhayisekile bakhula ngakumbi ngokuthandwa kogqatso olude, ngakumbi ugqatso lwase-Italian Milan-Turing ngo-1876, iBelgian Liege-Bastogne-Liege ngo-1892, kunye neFrench Paris-Roubaix ngo-1896. , kakhulu ngeminyaka yee-1890 xa ugqatso lweentsuku ezintandathu lwalusaziwa (ekuqaleni kwanyanzeleka ukuba umqhubi omnye aqhube ngaphandle kokumisa, kodwa kamva kwavunyelwa amaqela amadoda amabini).Umdyarho weebhayisekile wawuthandwa kakhulu kangangokuba waqukwa kwiMidlalo yeOlimpiki yokuqala yanamhlanje ngo-1896.
Ngezixhobo ezingcono zebhayisekile, uyilo olutsha kunye nokuthandwa okukhulu ngakumbi kuluntu kunye nabaxhasi, amaFrentshi agqibe ekubeni aququzelele umsitho owawunamabhongo amangalisayo - umdyarho webhayisikile oza kugubungela lonke iFransi.Ukwahlulwe kwizigaba ezithandathu kunye nokugubungela iikhilomitha ezili-1500, i-Tour de France yokuqala yabanjwa ngo-1903. Ukuqala eParis, ugqatso lwafudukela eLyon, eMarseille, eBordeaux naseNantes ngaphambi kokubuyela eParis.Ngebhaso elikhulu kunye nenkuthazo enkulu yokugcina isantya esihle sama-20 km/h, phantse abangeneleli abangama-80 babhalisela olo gqatso lunzima, uMaurice Garin ephumelele indawo yokuqala emva kokuqhuba i-94h 33m 14s kwaye ephumelele ibhaso elilingana nomvuzo wonyaka we. abasebenzi basefektri abathandathu.Ukuduma kweTour de France kwakhula ukuya kutsho kumanqanaba anjalo, kangangokuba abaqhubi bemidyarho ngo-1904 babefakwa ikakhulu kubantu abafuna ukuqhatha.Emva kwempikiswano enkulu kunye nesixa esimangalisayo sokungafaneleki, impumelelo esemthethweni yanikezelwa kumqhubi waseFransi oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala uHenri Cornet.
Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi I, umdla wogqatso lweebhayisikile lwacotha, ngenxa yokufa kwabaqhubi abaninzi abaphambili eYurophu namaxesha oqoqosho olunzima.Ngeli xesha, imidyarho yeebhayisikile yobuchwephesha yayisaziwa kakhulu eUnited States (owayengathandi ukubaleka umgama omde njengaseYurophu).Enye into eyabetha kakhulu ekuthandeni ukuhamba ngebhayisikile ivela kwishishini leemoto, nelithe lazisa iindlela zothutho ezikhawulezayo.Emva kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II, ibhayisekile yobuchwephesha ikwazile ukuthandwa ngakumbi eYurophu, itsala awona mabhaso amachibi amakhulu kwaye yanyanzela umkhweli webhayisikile ovela kwihlabathi liphela ukuba akhuphisane kwimisitho emininzi yaseYurophu ngenxa yokuba amazwe abo asekhaya akakwazanga ukuhambelana nenqanaba lombutho, ukhuphiswano. kunye nemali yebhaso.Ngeminyaka yoo-1960, abaqhubi baseMelika bangena kakhulu kwindawo yokukhwela ibhayisekile yaseYurophu, kodwa ngoo-1980 abaqhubi baseYurophu baqalisa ukhuphiswano ngakumbi nangakumbi eUnited States.
Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane yama-20, umdyarho weebhayisekile zeentaba ochwepheshile wavela, kwaye izixhobo ezidityanisiweyo eziphambili zenze ukuba umdyarho weebhayisikile wenkulungwane yama-21 ukhuphisane ngakumbi kwaye unomdla wokubukela.Ngaphezu kweminyaka eli-100 kamva, iTour de France kunye ne-Giro d'Italia imidyarho yebhayisekile yomgama omde idumileyo ehlabathini.
Ixesha lokuposa: Jul-07-2022